As a result of their deliberations committees may make recommendations which they include in their reports for the consideration of the House of Commons or the Government. Recommendations related to this study are listed below.

Recommendation 1

That the Government of Canada collect disaggregated data on rates of incarceration and number of First Nations, Inuit and Métis female offenders in the federal prison population.

Recommendation 2

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, implement all calls to action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s final report.

Recommendation 3

That the Government of Canada “develop a national plan to collect and publish data on the criminal victimization of Aboriginal people, including data related to homicide and family violence victimization,” as directed by call to action #39 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 4

That the Government of Canada immediately address the gaps in “delivery of government services on a day-to-day basis” for Indigenous women in the federal correctional system, and “identify ways to improve delivery that are holistic, community-based, and put the needs of the person first” as called for in the Minister of Indigenous Services’ mandate letter.

Recommendation 5

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “commit to eliminating the over-representation of Aboriginal people [and youth] in custody” by 2025, “and to issue detailed annual reports that monitor and evaluate progress in doing so,” as directed by calls to action #30 and #38 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 6

That the Government of Canada “[a]ddress the issue of disproportionate incarceration of [I]ndigenous … women, including by increasing the use of alternative measures for those who commit non-violent offences,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 7

That the Government of Canada make long-term operational funding for front-line community organizations, shelters and transition houses working to protect victims and survivors of violence and end violence against Indigenous women and girls eligible for federal support.

Recommendation 8

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, increase funding for culturally sensitive and appropriate mental health and addiction services for Indigenous people.

Recommendation 9

That the Government of Canada issue a call for proposals for programming designed to help with the reintegration of Indigenous female offenders living with mental health problems and illnesses upon release into their communities.

Recommendation 10

That the Government of Canada increase awareness among Indigenous women of federal government benefits available to them and increase the number of Indigenous female recipients of federal government benefits among those who would be eligible to claim these benefits, but are currently unable to do so because they do not have a Social Insurance Number or have not filed their taxes.

Recommendation 11

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, address the over-representation of Indigenous children in the child welfare system by investing in initiatives focused on keeping Indigenous children with their families.

Recommendation 12

That the Government of Canada encourage provinces and territories who deliver child welfare services to Indigenous families to re-evaluate the requirements for child and family services to remove Indigenous children from parents who have previously been incarcerated.

Recommendation 13

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “commit to reducing the number of Aboriginal children in care by: i. Monitoring and assessing neglect investigations. ii. Providing adequate resources to enable Aboriginal communities and child-welfare organizations to keep Aboriginal families together where it is safe to do so, and to keep children in culturally appropriate environments, regardless of where they reside. iii. Ensuring that social workers and others who conduct child-welfare investigations are properly educated and trained about the history and impacts of residential schools. iv. Ensuring that social workers and others who conduct child-welfare investigations are properly educated and trained about the potential for Aboriginal communities and families to provide more appropriate solutions to family healing. v. Requiring that all child-welfare decision makers consider the impact of the residential school experience on children and their caregivers,” as directed by call to action #1 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 14

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories, “prepare and publish annual reports on the number of Aboriginal children (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) who are in care, compared with non-Aboriginal children, as well as the reasons for apprehension, the total spending on preventive and care services by child-welfare agencies, and the effectiveness of various interventions,” as directed by call to action #2 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 15

That the Government of Canada fully implement Jordan’s Principle to ensure equitable access for First Nations children to all federal government services, as directed by call to action #3 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 16

That the Government of Canada immediately “enact Aboriginal child-welfare legislation that establishes national standards for Aboriginal child apprehension and custody cases and includes principles that: i. Affirm the right of Aboriginal governments to establish and maintain their own child-welfare agencies.; ii. Require all child-welfare agencies and courts to take the residential school legacy into account in their decision making.; iii. Establish, as an important priority, a requirement that placements of Aboriginal children into temporary and permanent care be culturally appropriate,” as directed by call to action #4 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 17

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “develop culturally appropriate parenting programs for Aboriginal families,” as directed by call to action #5 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission  of Canada.

Recommendation 18

That the Government of Canada address the housing crisis for Indigenous peoples by introducing legislation to realize the right to housing in Canada, in accordance with its international obligations, and by investing, immediately and on an ongoing basis, in affordable housing for Indigenous women and families.

Recommendation 19

That the Government of Canada examine the use of social impact bonds to determine whether they would reduce costs and increase outcomes for programs delivered within the federal justice system, with an emphasis on the delivery of mental health services and alternative programs such as healing lodges and community courts.

Recommendation 20

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, develop and implement strategies to improve Indigenous people’s trust in law enforcement agencies.

Recommendation 21

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities and in collaboration with non-governmental organizations, require the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to provide its members and staff with culturally relevant training and education on how Indigenous history, Indigenous cultures, and colonization must be considered when interacting with Indigenous peoples, as well as training and education on how to use a trauma-informed approach when interacting with Indigenous women.

Recommendation 22

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “create adequately funded and accessible Aboriginal-specific victim programs and services with appropriate evaluation mechanisms,” as directed by call to action #40 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 23

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, ensure that Indigenous women, including incarcerated Indigenous women and Indigenous women who are victims of crimes, have improved access to legal assistance, including improved access to civil legal aid, by earmarking funds for this aid in the Canada Social Transfer, as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth period reports of Canada.

Recommendation 24

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and with particular attention to Indigenous women, “[r]eview criteria applied in income tests for eligibility to ensure access to civil legal aid, especially in the area of family law, for all women without sufficient means,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 25

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories, “recruit and train more [I]ndigenous women to provide legal aid to women from their communities, including in domestic violence cases and on property rights, and to review its legal aid scheme to ensure that [I]ndigenous women who are victims of domestic violence have effective access to justice,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 26

That the Government of Canada increase funding for culturally appropriate federal justice programs and services for Indigenous women, with the goal of increasing Indigenous women’s access to justice, and ensure that these programs and services are tailored to their needs, including to the specific needs of Inuit and Métis women.

Recommendation 27

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with Indigenous peoples and communities, provide increased support to community organizations that offer justice-related services to Indigenous women who are victims of crimes.

Recommendation 28

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with the “Federation of Law Societies of Canada, ensure that lawyers receive appropriate cultural competency training, which includes the history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal–Crown relations,” including “requiring skills-based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism,” as directed by call to action #27 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 29

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories, “call upon law schools in Canada to require all law students to take a course in Aboriginal people and the law, which includes the history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal – Crown relations,” including “requiring skills-based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism,” as directed by call to action #28 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 30

That the Government of Canada encourage the Canadian Judicial Council to establish seminars and other education material for the continuing education of judges, including in respect of matters related to history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal – Crown relations, as well as skills-based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, antiracism, sexual assault law and social context that has been developed in consultation with sexual assault survivors, as well as with groups and organizations that support them and that the training be broadly available to the judiciary, crown prosecutors, police forces and lawyers.

Recommendation 31

That the Government of Canada immediately table legislation to “amend the Criminal Code to allow trial judges, upon giving reasons, to depart from mandatory minimum sentences and restrictions on the use of conditional sentences,” as directed by call to action #32 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada and in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 32

That the Government of Canada remove the requirement to automatically incarcerate an Indigenous female offender in a maximum security facility for the first two years of a murder sentence.

Recommendation 33

That the Government of Canada ensure that Gladue reports are not misused against an Indigenous female offender during classification, incarceration and/or parole hearings, and that personnel at Correctional Service Canada and at the Parole Board of Canada receive training on the purpose of Gladue reports.

Recommendation 34

That the Government of Canada support Gladue principles, enforce culturally appropriate and sensitive Gladue reporting, and ensure that timely Gladue reporting is made accessible to Indigenous women, through a federally guided regional needs assessment.

Recommendation 35

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, develop and implement a strategy to improve the use of high-quality Gladue reports in the justice system.

Recommendation 36

That the Government of Canada encourage provinces and territories to work in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities to coordinate efforts to implement gender-responsive Gladue reporting.

Recommendation 37

That the Government of Canada provide additional resources to train and support Gladue writers in all provinces and territories, and to address the skills and personnel deficit that has resulted in the misrepresentation, inadequate representation, and unjust sentencing of Indigenous female offenders.

Recommendation 38

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories, negotiate a cost-sharing agreement to fund the writing of Gladue reports and the training of new Gladue writers.

Recommendation 39

That the Government of Canada implement and further invest in community-based rehabilitation and restorative justice methods for Indigenous female offenders rather than incarceration for low and medium security Indigenous female offenders.

Recommendation 40

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, immediately and on an ongoing basis “provide sufficient and stable funding to implement and evaluate community sanctions that will provide realistic alternatives to imprisonment for Aboriginal offenders and respond to the underlying causes of offending,” as directed by call to action #31 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 41

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, establish community courts in Indigenous communities for non-violent offences.

Recommendation 42

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories, “commit to the recognition and implementation of Aboriginal justice systems in a manner consistent with the Treaty and Aboriginal rights of Aboriginal peoples, the Constitution Act, 1982, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, endorsed by Canada in November 2012,” as directed by call to action #42 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and adopt without delay Bill C-262, An Act to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

Recommendation 43

That the Government of Canada immediately appoint a deputy commissioner for Indigenous offenders, and consider the future appointment of a deputy commissioner with specific responsibility for the oversight of Indigenous women in federal correctional institutions.

Recommendation 44

That the Government of Canada classify, in its initial assessment and whenever possible, Indigenous female offenders at a medium security level or lower in order to provide them with appropriate treatment and rehabilitation services, and ensure, in cases where a maximum security is needed, that Indigenous female offenders have access to culturally appropriate services.

Recommendation 45

That the Government of Canada review and update Correctional Service Canada’s assessment qualifiers for assigning incarceration security classification levels to Indigenous female offenders, including, but not limited to, conducting a gender-based analysis plus on their security levels classification tool; and request that the Correctional Investigator of Canada conduct an evaluation of the new classification tool after its implementation.

Recommendation 46

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “[r]edesign its classification system for women in the federal prison system to ensure their access to work and community [programs] as well as to [A]boriginal healing lodges,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 47

That the Government of Canada end the practice of solitary confinement and segregation in its many forms, including, but not limited to, administrative segregation, health-related segregation, and punitive segregation in federal correctional institutions for women.

Recommendation 48

That the Government of Canada immediately “[a]bolish the practice of solitary confinement, and effectively limit the use of administrative or disciplinary segregation as a measure of last resort for as short a time as possible and avoid such measure for women with serious mental illness,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Correctional Investigator of Canada in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 49

That the Government of Canada immediately implement legislation requiring judicial oversight regarding the use of administrative segregation until the practice of solitary confinement and segregation in its many forms, including, but not limited to, administrative segregation, health-related segregation, and punitive segregation in federally administered women’s correctional facilities, is abolished.

Recommendation 50

That the Government of Canada limit the use of secure units in federal correctional institutions for women.

Recommendation 51

That the Government of Canada review conditions whereby Indigenous female offenders are unable to attend their parole hearings because access to programming in the correctional facility was not made available to them, and ensure that all options are outlined for Indigenous female offenders in the event programming is not able to be completed through no fault of the their own.

Recommendation 52

That the Government of Canada, immediately “ensure that Indigenous offenders have timely access to correctional programs – including culturally specific programs – according to their needs and preferences, to support their successful reintegration,” as called for in the 2016 Fall Reports of the Office of the Auditor General entitled Report 3 – Preparing Indigenous Offenders for Release—Correctional Service Canada.

Recommendation 53

That the Government of Canada partner with Indigenous peoples and organizations to offer programs and services for Indigenous female inmates that are culturally relevant, culture specific and administered within Correctional Service Canada institutions.

Recommendation 54

That the Government of Canada provide resources to inform Indigenous female offenders on all support mechanisms and tools available to them, such as Gladue writers and sections 29, 81, and 84 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act.

Recommendation 55

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “provide culturally relevant services to inmates on issues such as substance abuse, family and domestic violence, and overcoming the experience of having been sexually abused,” as directed by call to action #36 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 56

That the Government of Canada ensure that federally incarcerated Indigenous women who wish to participate in the Pathways Initiative have timely access to the Initiative and that the Initiative’s programming is culturally appropriate for incarcerated First Nations, Inuit and Métis women; and develop, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, tools to assess how the Pathways Initiative contributes to the reintegration of Indigenous women in their communities.

Recommendation 57

That the Government of Canada ensure access to and support from Indigenous Elders is available for all Indigenous female offenders in the federal justice and correctional systems including after conditional release, and that Elders be given an enhanced role and/or participation surrounding parole hearings.

Recommendation 58

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, evaluate and implement changes with the goal of improving the meaningful participation of Elders in programming for Indigenous female inmates.

Recommendation 59

That the Government of Canada ensure Elders employed by Correctional Service Canada are recognized as such by Indigenous communities.

Recommendation 60

That the Government of Canada provide employment programs to more Indigenous female offenders by creating partnerships with community organizations that provide employment services to Indigenous female offenders and by establishing employment centres in all healing lodges.

Recommendation 61

That the Government of Canada ensure access to healing lodges for Indigenous female offenders with a medium security classification.

Recommendation 62

That the Government of Canada, in recognition of the fact that healing lodges operated by Indigenous communities do not receive as much support as healing lodges operated by Correctional Service Canada, ensure that equal funding be provided to community-operated healing lodges.

Recommendation 63

That the Government of Canada immediately “eliminate barriers to the creation of additional Aboriginal healing lodges within the federal correctional system,” as directed by call to action #35 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and address the lack of community-operated healing lodges under section 81 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act.

Recommendation 64

That the Government of Canada, in consultation with Indigenous peoples and communities, create and provide adequate funding for healing lodges operated by Correctional Service Canada and communities and to other culturally appropriate programming for Indigenous female offenders in urban communities.

Recommendation 65

That the Government of Canada, in consultation with Indigenous peoples and communities, increase the number of and provide adequate resources for agreements concluded with Indigenous communities under section 84 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act.

Recommendation 66

That the Government of Canada, in consultation with Indigenous peoples and communities, provide additional resources to Correctional Service Canada and Indigenous communities to increase the use of sections 29, 81 and 84 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act.

Recommendation 67

That the Government of Canada provide the same level of access to employment skills training and educational opportunities for all incarcerated Indigenous women as other inmates.

Recommendation 68

That the Government of Canada explore options to provide and enhance employment skills training and educational opportunities for all classifications of incarcerated Indigenous women, including in maximum- and medium-security facilities.

Recommendation 69

That the Government of Canada conduct an analysis of the employment skills training provided to incarcerated Indigenous women to ensure the opportunities provide, to the best extent possible, marketable labour skills and experience.

Recommendation 70

That the Government of Canada immediately review employment skills training in women’s correctional facilities to more accurately reflect market conditions and opportunities for well-paying employment upon release, which may include a gender-based analysis plus on their CORCAN job training programming.

Recommendation 71

That the Government of Canada streamline the work release process in order to make it easier and timely for employers to hire Indigenous female offenders who qualify for the work release process.

Recommendation 72

That the Government of Canada provide funding for a study to examine adverse childhood experiences and past-trauma among incarcerated Indigenous people in Canada, including a gender-based analysis.

Recommendation 73

That the Government of Canada provide additional resources to properly evaluate all Indigenous female offenders upon entry to a federal correctional facility for mental illness, trauma, and disabilities, to assign the appropriate care for treatment and rehabilitation.

Recommendation 74

That the Government of Canada examine its existing health data collection system for incarcerated Indigenous women in federal correctional institutions, and address any shortcomings in data collection, particularly for mental health problems and illnesses, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and cognitive impairments.

Recommendation 75

That the Government of Canada increase access to healthcare for incarcerated Indigenous women so that healthcare be accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, in federal correctional institutions, with specific consideration given to increasing mental health supports, including a greater number of mental health beds, and access to psychiatrists.

Recommendation 76

That the Government of Canada develop and implement culturally appropriate and gender-specific substance abuse programs, as well as harm reduction services for Indigenous female inmates who are drug users, in federal correctional facilities.

Recommendation 77

That the Government of Canada “[e]xpand care, treatment and support services to women in detention living with or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, including by implementing prison-based needle and syringe programmes, opioid substitution therapy, condoms and other safer sex supplies,” as called for in 2016 by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in its Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada.

Recommendation 78

That the Government of Canada enter, as soon as possible, into Memorandums of Understanding with provincial and territorial mental health facilities to ensure that if Indigenous female offenders need mental health care they can access that care in their province or territory of incarceration.

Recommendation 79

That the Government of Canada immediately prohibit the transfer of federally incarcerated women in need of mental health care to all-male treatment centres, and ensure that federally incarcerated women are transferred to treatment centres that serve women or, preferably, “to a local external community psychiatric hospital as required,” as called for by the 2016-2017 Annual Report of the Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Recommendation 80

That the Government of Canada immediately provide funding for the diagnoses and treatment of fetal alcohol syndrome disorder upon arrival of Indigenous female offenders in federal correctional facilities and during their incarceration.

Recommendation 81

That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provinces and territories and working in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “recognize as a high priority the need to address and prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), and to develop, in collaboration with Aboriginal people, and increase funding for FASD preventive programs that can be delivered in a culturally appropriate manner,” as directed by call to action #33 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 82

That the Government of Canada, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and communities, “undertake reforms to the criminal justice system to better address the needs of offenders with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), including: i. providing increased community resources and powers for courts to ensure that FASD is properly diagnosed, and that appropriate community supports are in place for those with FASD; ii. enacting statutory exemptions from mandatory minimum sentences of imprisonment for offenders affected by FASD; iii. providing community, correctional, and parole resources to maximize the ability of people with FASD to live in the community; iv. adopting appropriate evaluation mechanisms to measure the effectiveness of such programs and ensure community safety,” as directed by call to action #34 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 83

That the Government of Canada increase funding to Correctional Service Canada to ensure effective program delivery as well as ensure that Correctional Service Canada staff have the time required to work with offenders to ensure their successful reintegration upon release.

Recommendation 84

That the Government of Canada, in consultation with relevant unions and employees, develop and implement a strategy to improve the working conditions and the mental health of Correctional Service Canada employees.

Recommendation 85

That the Government of Canada require Correctional Service Canada to provide its staff with enhanced guidance and training on how the colonial impact on Indigenous history and culture should be considered in case management decisions and that this training be created in partnership with Indigenous peoples and organizations.

Recommendation 86

That the Government of Canada, in order to increase the number of Indigenous staff that work as Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers, correctional officers, and parole officers, visit Indigenous communities.

Recommendation 87

That the Government of Canada allocate grants for new Indigenous correctional officers to cover the potential loss of income associated with Correctional Service Canada’s lengthy training process.

Recommendation 88

That the Government of Canada improve the Mother-Child Program operated by Correctional Service Canada to increase Indigenous women’s access to their children while incarcerated, including allowing Indigenous children to remain with their mothers where feasible.

Recommendation 89

That the Government of Canada provide professional and community-based training to parole officers, and simplify the hiring process for parole officers to increase the number of Indigenous staff.

Recommendation 90

That the Government of Canada enact legislation reinstating the accelerated parole review process under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act.

Recommendation 91

That the Government of Canada fill, as soon as possible, all vacancies on the Parole Board of Canada.

Recommendation 92

That the Government of Canada provide increased funding for community-based residential facilities operated by Correctional Service Canada or owned by non-governmental agencies who signed contracts with Correctional Service Canada, in particular for private home placements, which provide offenders with services and supports in a home environment.

Recommendation 93

That the Government of Canada make legislative changes to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act to limit the use of videoconferences, unless absolutely necessary, for Parole Board of Canada hearings, while continuing to allow victims of crime to appear by videoconference.

Recommendation 94

That the Government of Canada provide, immediately and on an ongoing basis, funding for the development and implementation of culturally appropriate parole programs and services for Indigenous female offenders, including culturally appropriate programs and services in halfway houses, as directed by call to action #37 of the 2015 Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Recommendation 95

That the Government of Canada provide additional resources for community organizations that provide culturally appropriate support services and assist Indigenous peoples reintegration and healing.

Recommendation 96

That the Government of Canada work with its provincial and territorial counterparts to ensure that Indigenous female offenders receive provincial identification (e.g., health cards, photo ID, driver's licence) immediately upon release.