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HERI Committee Report

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APPENDIX H

SELECTED CANADIAN BOOK INDUSTRY
CHRONOLOGY, 1991-2000

1991

* January

­ The federal Goods and Services Tax takes effect.

1992

* January

­ Communications Minister Perrin Beatty introduces the "net benefit" policy on foreign ownership in the book industry.

­ The federal government promises to increase publishing grants from $38 million to $140 million over five years and to amend the Copyright Act to prevent sourcing outside of Canada.

* September

­ Peter and Diane Waldock launch national wholesaler, North 49 Books.

* December

­ CanCopy issues its first cheques to creators, worth $185,000.

1993

* February

­ Raincoast Books launches wholesaling division, Book Express.

* March

­ The federal government phases out the book postal rate, announcing a new postal subsidy program targeted at Canadian publishers only.

* April

­ Funding cutbacks at the Canada Council bring an end to the National Book Festival.

* September

­ Nelson Canada acquired John Wiley & Sons Canada's school list, thereby further concentrating school publishing.

* November

­ Montreal's Champigny book chain buys the Flammarion bookstore chain.

1994

* February

­ The federally owned Canadian Development Investment Corporation sells a majority stake in Ginn Publishing to Paramount in the United States.

* May

­ Pathfinder Capital and Canadian General Capital buy SmithBooks for $21.5 million.

* August

­ SmithBooks proposes buying Coles and merging, creating a 434-store chain.

1995

* February

­ The federal government cuts support for publishing programs by 50%. The government also announces that the BPIDP and PDAP will be merged and further reduced in 1996.

* March

­ The Bureau of Competition Policy approves the merger of Coles and SmithBooks. The new chain, renamed Chapters Inc., quits the Canadian Booksellers Association.

* June

­ Tom Bullen opens Canada's first independent book superstore -- a 23,000-square-foot outlet in downtown Vancouver.

* November

­ Chapters Inc. opens its first superstore in Brampton, Ontario.

1996

* January

­ U.S. book retailer, Borders, abandons plans for an expansion into Canada after federal officials reject a proposed partnership with former Cott Corp. executive, Heather Reisman.

* Spring

­ U.S. book retailer, Barnes & Noble, acquires a 20% stake in Chapters Inc.

* Summer

­ Quebec bookstore chain Renaud-Bray closes three of eight stores after filing for bankruptcy protection.

* August

­ Heather Reisman announces plans for her own chain of book superstores.

* December

­ Chapters Inc. raises $40 million with its initial public offering.

1997

* September

­ Heather Reisman's book superstore chain, Indigo, opens its first store in Burlington, Ontario.

1998

* January

­ The Canada Council announces top-ups to publishers' 1997-98 grants after receiving $125 million in new money from the federal government.

* March

­ Chapters Inc. takes over the management of McGill University Bookstore, marking its entry into the campus sales market.

* October

­ Chapters Inc. launches its first website, www.chaptersglobe.com.

1999

* March

­ Toronto's 106-year-old Albert Britnell Book Shop closes its doors.

* April

­ Chapters Inc. launches www.chapters.ca.

* May

­ Chapters Inc. announces the formation of Pegasus Wholesale. Chapters holds an 82% stake in the new company.

­ The B.C. mini-chain Duthie Books files for bankruptcy protection, then later drops to a single location (from 10 at its peak).

* June

­ Renaud-Bray acquires rival Quebec book chains Champigny and Garneau.

* September

­ Chapters Inc. raises $46 million for its online division with an initial public offering.

­ Copyright legislation (Bill C-32) takes effect after 10 years of negotiations. The regulations require booksellers to place orders with Canadian suppliers first, but publishers must meet a set of service standards.

* October

­ Book of the Month Club shuts its Canadian operation after 23 years.

* November

­ Pegasus Wholesale Inc. announces that Industry Canada's Competition Bureau has confirmed that its creation does not contravene the Competition Act.

2000

* January

­ The Canadian Manda Group signs a partnership agreement with Pegasus Wholesale Inc. to sell the wholesaler's offerings to traditional bookstore outlets as well as to nontraditional bookstore outlets throughout Canada.

* February

­ Indigo drops plans for initial public offering because of concerns over a "soft market."