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View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. I will leave it to you to introduce the officials later on, but let me say thank you very much to the officials for being with us.
Mr. Chair and members of the committee, thank you for inviting me to speak to you today about Bill C-30, Budget Implementation Act, 2021, No. 1.
After more than 14 months of uncertainty and challenges, Canadians are continuing to fight COVID-19, but we know there is light at the end of the tunnel. As we fight the third wave, more and more Canadians are getting vaccinated.
Bill C-30 is an essential piece of legislation that, once enacted, will allow us to implement our plan to finish the fight against COVID, create jobs and a swift recovery from the COVID recession and lay a foundation for robust, inclusive, green, long-term economic growth.
This budget is about helping middle-class Canadians, helping workers and helping more Canadians to join the middle class. It is about embracing this moment of global transformation to a greener, cleaner economy. It is a plan that will help Canadians and Canadian businesses heal the wounds of COVID and come roaring back.
First, we need to finish the fight against this virus. This bill includes a one-time payment of $4 billion to the provinces and territories to support their health care systems, support that is so essential as we fight the third wave. This is in addition to the $1 billion to support the provinces and territories as they ramp up their vaccine campaigns.
We are making progress in our vaccination efforts, and I know that team Canada can vaccinate even more Canadians even more quickly, and we will. I was vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine at a Toronto pharmacy 15 days ago, and I encourage all Canadians to get vaccinated as soon as it is their turn.
The pandemic has caused a recession, so we need to start by rolling out a comprehensive plan for jobs and growth, to address the disproportionate impact the recession has had on women, young people, racialized Canadians, low-wage workers and small business.
A cornerstone of our plan is a historic investment of $30 billion over five years, reaching $9.2 billion annually, in permanent investments to provide high-quality, affordable and accessible early learning and child care across Canada. Our goal is that within five years, families everywhere in Canada should have access to high-quality child care for an average of $10 a day. Dear colleagues from all political parties, let's make a commitment together today to all Canadians. Let's get this done.
I want to take a moment to recognize Quebec's leadership, especially that of feminist Quebeckers, who have led the way for the rest of Canada.
While we know better days are ahead, many families are still struggling. Around a million Canadians either remain out of work or are working significantly fewer hours than they were pre-pandemic. We must support hard-hit Canadians and businesses across the country so they can recover as soon as possible.
Bill C-30 includes emergency supports for Canadian workers, businesses and families.
The legislation extends the Canada emergency wage subsidy, the Canada emergency rent subsidy, and lockdown support through to September 25, 2021 which will help protect millions of jobs.
With this legislation, we are providing a bridge for people who are unable to work because of COVID by extending income supports, maintaining flexible access to EI benefits, and extending the EI sickness benefit from 15 to 26 weeks.
Bill C-30 also introduces a $15 an hour federal minimum wage. It expands the Canada workers benefit, extending income top-ups to about a million more low wage workers, and lifting nearly 100,000 Canadians out of poverty. These are measurable concrete steps to help Canadians who need help.
We must also help small business, the backbone of our economy and every main street in the country. To do that, we need to improve access to capital and help businesses hire more workers, in particular, through the new Canada recovery hiring program.
Young Canadians have made tremendous sacrifices this past year to protect their elders, and now, they need our collective support.
Through Bill C-30, we will make college and university more accessible and affordable by extending the waiver of interest accrual on federal student loans until March 2023. This will mean savings for more than 1.5 million Canadians repaying student loans. We will not let young Canadians become a lost generation.
Mr. Chair, I have spoken today about just a few of the measures included in Bill C-30, measures which will make a tangible positive difference in the lives of millions of Canadians.
This is a plan for jobs, growth and the middle class. It is a plan built around helping Canadians recover, succeed and thrive.
I recognize the critical role parliamentary committees play in scrutinizing government legislation, and I'm grateful to all of you for your hard work.
Bill C-30 is a historic first step towards recovery and new economic growth for future generations of Canadians.
I would be pleased to answer any questions you have as you study this critically important piece of legislation.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
First, Mr. Fast, thank you for your kind comments. You made a similar comment that I really appreciated when I delivered the budget. I will take this opportunity to recognize a woman who I think deserves the respect of all of us, and that is Kim Campbell, Canada's first woman prime minister. She was, of course, a Conservative, so I will take this opportunity in turn to congratulate you and your party for having broken that glass ceiling, and to congratulate Ms. Campbell.
You have addressed some questions broadly around fiscal sustainability in the budget and around debt and deficits, and around the FES projections and the budget projections. Let me make a few comments.
The first comment I would make is that when it comes to the growth projections, a long-standing practice, in fact one that dates back to 1994, is that the budget is based on the average of forecasts of private sector economists. I think this is a great example of institutional strength of Canadian institutions and I make that point to the committee to be clear about why the projections have changed. The projections of private sector economists have changed and that has been what we have used as the basis of our fiscal track. Now, I know that members of this committee are well aware of this, but I just want to be clear with all Canadians.
To the second point around the sustainability of our spending, I assure members of the committee that I am very confident that the spending in our budget is reasonable and sustainable. There are a couple of key markers that I would point people to. The first is that we show a declining debt-to-GDP ratio, falling to 49.2% in 2025-26, and likewise, a declining deficit, falling to 1.1% in that outer year. I would also point out that it is not merely my judgment that the debt and deficit track is reasonable and sustainable, it's also the judgment of some important outside validators. I would start by citing S&P. On April 26, they reaffirmed Canada's AAA credit rating, the highest there is, and said that the outlook was stable. That was after reviewing our budget.
I would also point to comments published today of former governor Stephen Poloz, who was, of course, appointed by Prime Minister Harper. He actually spoke about how in his view the assumptions in the budget were actually quite small-c conservative and that he did believe there was a sustainable path.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Ms. Dzerowicz. It's nice to see you.
Let me just start by pointing out, as you have, that the wage subsidy has been providing, and continues to provide, absolutely critical support to Canadian businesses and, crucially, to Canadian workers. More than 5.3 million jobs across the country have thus far been supported by the wage subsidy. In the province where you and I are both members of Parliament, Julie, more than 1.88 million jobs have been supported by the wage subsidy.
As I know members of the committee are aware, the amount of subsidy a company can claim for its employees is based on revenue loss. The more revenue you have lost, the more subsidy you are able to claim. We think that is fair. It is a way of targeting the support to where it is needed the most. Of course, I know that members of the committee are aware that companies can only claim the wage subsidy for employee remuneration.
Bill C-30, which we are discussing today, includes a further—and I think important—condition for publicly listed companies. If we pass this important legislation, the remuneration of top executives in 2021... If it exceeds their remuneration in 2019, their companies will need to pay back the difference to the government, up to the total amount of wage subsidy they received. That is a new condition we're bringing in with Bill C-30, and I hope members will support that.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I do think this is a measure that all members of the committee will support.
This budget includes unprecedented investments for fighting gender-based violence, investments of more than $600 million. I think that fighting gender-based violence has been an issue in Canada for a long time, but it would also be fair to say that the pandemic has made the situation more acute for many vulnerable Canadians. Being forced to stay at home has meant that some Canadian women have found themselves closed into a dangerous environment, so I'm really pleased that we have this major investment.
I see the chair nudging me to stop talking, so I will.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
This consultation in the budget is really important to me and I think to all Canadians. We've seen that the pandemic has had such an uneven impact on people. Some people are getting through okay or even doing well, but there are other people who are really struggling. We know that predatory lending and criminal rates of interest hit the most vulnerable Canadians. For many lower- and modest-income Canadians, predatory lending, including payday lending, can impose real hardship.
The consultation that we are launching is going to give us, as a government and as parliamentarians, a chance to talk to Canadians and really act on this issue, which can cause a lot of misery for a lot of people.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Good afternoon, Mr. Ste-Marie. I always appreciate your questions and comments.
Initially, I thought you were going to ask about the taxes we will be collecting from tech giants thanks to this budget.
As far as financial services are concerned, as you know and as you pointed out, we talked about engaging in a discussion, a consultation. That's what we are proposing.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
No.
We realize three things.
First, we understand that Canada's situation is unique. The reality is that the Quebec Civil Code exists, as you said, and any actions we take must be acceptable to all the provinces and territories. That makes Canada's situation unique.
Second, we understand that this is the 21st century. Technology and the global economy are changing rapidly, so we need to pay close attention to those changes. Canada and Quebec want to—and must—be part of the modern economy.
Third, we must always protect Canadian businesses and citizens. That means ensuring the playing field is always level for Canadians and foreign companies.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you for your question.
My understanding is that, overall, you support the direction we've taken. That is a positive sign. Thank you for your support.
I agree with you that, from an economic standpoint, small and medium-sized businesses have been the hardest hit and greatly need our help. That's one reason, if not the main reason, why we made it clear in the budget that this was what we intended to do.
We understand that the COVID-19 recession hit small and medium-sized businesses incredibly hard, and we also understand that, because of the pandemic, they are now more dependent than ever on virtual transactions and credit cards. That is why we clearly signalled our intention to move forward on this. I hope we can count on your support.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Mr. Julian, thank you very much for the question and for your continued advocacy for low-wage workers and students.
Let me start with students. I do believe that this budget provides unprecedented support for students and young Canadians, with more than $5 billion in support for young Canadians. It includes support in three things, actually, in the Canada student grant—in extending to 2023, as I said in my remarks, the interest moratorium and also in lowering the amount and raising the income threshold at which Canadian students need to begin repaying their loan after they graduate. That is real support for our young people, and they deserve it.
I'm happy to talk about the CRB later on, if you would like. I see that you're wanting to speak, Mr. Julian.
Mr. Chair, maybe I've run out of my time for an answer.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Julian, and Mr. Chair.
Mr. Julian, let me start by emphasizing what from my perspective is the most important reality about the wage subsidy, which is that this program has allowed literally millions of Canadians to continue to be employed, 5.3 millions across the country.
There are 621,000 jobs, Mr. Julian, in your province of British Columbia that have been supported by the wage subsidy. That's important for two reasons. These are people who continue to have an income, and they are people who continue to have a job. Maintaining that connection to your employer is absolutely essential. It is something that only the employer can help do. It's not something the government can do. That's why for us providing support that would keep people having an income and keep them connected to their jobs was absolutely essential, and the disclosure requirements for the wage subsidy were detailed in the initial wage subsidy legislation, which all parties supported.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Mr. Julian, you and I sometimes disagree on policy outcomes, but rarely do we disagree on facts. Here, however, when it comes to Internet taxes, I must say that I disagree with your framing of what our government is doing. Let me just take a moment to outline what we're doing. First of all, there is no exclusion for Netflix or any Internet company.
Second of all, our government in this budget and in the fall economic statement is moving more clearly and more forcefully to introduce a level playing field for international and Canadian companies when it comes to the Internet space, and to impose taxes on digital service companies. We're doing that more forcefully than any Canadian government has ever done. We are doing that in three parts.
I now see the chair looking like he wants me to stop talking, so I will have to talk about those three different levels of tax that we are introducing in another answer, but I want to be clear that our government believes it is important to have a level playing field for Canadian companies in the Internet space, and it's important to be taxing the companies that are active in this space.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Mr. Fast, as you know, I have a great deal of respect for you, as a person, and as a former minister, but I have to very respectfully say that I disagree very strongly with all of your contentions just now.
Let me take them in turn. First of all, when it comes to outside validation of the budget and of the fact that our budget is on a sustainable and responsible fiscal track, from my perspective, there is no better judge than the credit rating agencies, which are paid to assess the credit worthiness of borrowers.
For me, it is therefore really important to underscore for Canadians that S&P, a week after the budget, came out with a very strong endorsement, reaffirming Canada's AAA credit rating, and reaffirming that the outlook for Canada was stable. It really doesn't get better than that.
I would also like to refer members of this committee, and you, Mr. Fast, to the comments of the former governor of the Bank of Canada, Stephen Poloz, who was appointed by former Prime Minister Harper. He gave an interview, published today, in which he talked about the budget as being sustainable. He spoke about the conservatism in the numbers that he saw in the budget, and he spoke about the fact that this sustainable plan was put together without a meaningful increase in taxes of any kind. I couldn't agree more strongly.
When it comes to growth and innovation, let me point to three elements in the budget that, to my mind, are absolutely critical.
One is early learning and child care. We have heard from the IMF, Bank of Montreal, Scotiabank, TD, and from economists across Canada and around the world that investing in early learning and child care is a powerful long-term driver of jobs and growth. That is what this budget does. I think that is well understood across the country.
A second really important investment in long-term growth in this budget is the Canada workers benefit. In fact, BMO picked up on how that investment, which supports the lowest paid Canadians, is going to increase labour force participation.
Finally, I want to mention a third really important element, the unprecedented investments this budget makes in Canadian small businesses, allowing them to invest in themselves and giving them support to become more innovative.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you for your question, Ms. Koutrakis.
One of the key components of the budget is support for small and medium-sized businesses. Programs such as the Canada emergency wage subsidy and the Canada emergency rent subsidy will help them finish the fight against COVID-19.
The budget contains a number of other measures to help Canada's small and medium-sized businesses—the backbone of our economy—become more productive and competitive.
Quickly, I can point to three programs.
A new program will be available to small and medium-sized businesses between June and November to help them hire new workers.
The budget also includes measures to make it easier for small and medium-sized businesses to access credit.
Lastly, a newly introduced tax incentive will encourage small and medium-sized businesses to invest.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I want to start by thanking you, Mr. McLeod, and the people of the Northwest Territories for the exceptional job you've been doing in fighting COVID. It has involved some significant sacrifices, but you have seen the real results of that.
We are very aware that the territories in particular face particular challenges, so let me outline a few measures in the budget to support the Northwest Territories.
The Northwest Territories will receive $1.4 billion this fiscal year through the territorial formula financing. That is an increase of $103 million from the previous year. We also announced last year an increase to the Northwest Territories' borrowing limit to $1.8 billion.
In addition, we have invested $25 million, as you well know because you've worked so hard on this issue, to address housing priorities in the Northwest Territories.
I could say more but I see our chair leaning towards his screen.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you for your question.
I must say, I certainly recognize how important Montreal's innovation ecosystem is. Toronto, where I'm from, has a similar ecosystem. Mr. Julian is here, and Vancouver, in his riding, has an ecosystem as well. The same is true of many other Canadian cities and municipalities.
Start-ups are a very important part of our growth plan. Canadian innovators will find quite a few measures in the budget that are meant to help them, especially small and medium-sized businesses wanting to make growth-oriented investments.
The budget truly focuses on growth and the future, with numerous programs that will be particularly helpful to these types of businesses. If you like, I can put together a list and send it to you.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I will try to go really fast. First of all, I want to speak to some of the assertions in that question.
Let me just point out, for Canadians who are listening, that the CRB continues to September 25. This is an important extension. The changes we made, the flexibilities we introduced to EI, are extended for an additional full year. We have also expanded the EI sickness benefit from 15 to 26 weeks.
On disabilities, let me point out that particularly for students with a serious but not permanent disability, we have significantly expanded support. That's something that I'm very glad we were able to include in the budget.
In terms of tax evasion, let me say that I believe this budget invests more strongly and more significantly in closing tax loopholes, in fighting aggressive tax-planning schemes and in going after tax evasion than any previous budget. I would like to also point out the measures here on beneficial ownership and shine a light on that.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
First of all, Ms. Jansen, I would like to say to this very entrepreneurial constituent of yours that I would disagree that he has no hope of ever opening up, no hope of opening up on the horizon. I myself am very optimistic of the speed of the vaccine rollout campaign. We are seeing the COVID numbers fall in British Columbia, and I am actually hopeful that there is light at the end of the tunnel.
When it comes to the CERB—
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
In fact, compensation has been very focused on where the need is the greatest. That is why programs like the wage subsidy and rent support are actually based on level of income loss.
As well, I do want to go back on the CERB and to say that my government's view is that the millions of Canadians who lost their job in COVID through no fault of their own needed to be supported. We're glad to have been able to do that.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Ms. Jansen, when it comes to Canadian small businesses, I would beg to differ with you and would say that extensive support is available. The CEBA loan is available. The wage subsidy is available. The rent subsidy is available, and for businesses like this restaurant that you're describing that is subject to lockdowns, an additional 25% top-up to the rent support.
Canada is offering the most extensive set of of support measures for small businesses of any G7 country.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Mr. Chair and Mr. Falk, every family will choose the child care arrangement that works best for them. As a baby, I was taken care of by my own Baba and I have very tender memories of that. My own mother retired six months after my first child was born and came and lived with us and took care of her. Those can be wonderful arrangements for families that have the resources.
Our early learning and child care plan is about making it an option for every family across the country to have access to affordable, high-quality child care. This is an investment in long-term growth for the country, an investment in expanding labour force participation. High-quality child care, early learning and child care, is an investment in the youngest Canadians.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
We have actually addressed that very legitimate concern that farmers have. When it comes to greenhouses, actually, previous measures have made particular provision for greenhouses because of the competitive markets in which they operate. When it comes to use of the non-purple farm fuels and the impact of the price on pollution, this budget does actually have measures to answer the concerns that farmers have there.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Sure.
I am very aware of the concerns that farmers have had, particularly but not exclusively around grain drying and use of the non-purple fuels. There are measures in this budget to address those concerns.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Fraser.
I do want to start by underscoring, as I did in my reply to Ms. Jansen, the strength of my agreement with you about the CERB and the CRB. Our government really stepped in when literally millions of Canadians through no fault of their own were suddenly left without a job and without the ability to find a job. I am really, really glad that we took action to support them. I want to say to those Canadians that we will continue to be there. The support is there to September 25.
On students, again I find myself in violent agreement with you, Mr. Fraser. When it comes to the unprecedented support for students in this budget, let me offer three motivations.
I really believe that young Canadians have made a huge and very particular sacrifice during the pandemic. They have curtailed their social lives and many of them have had to learn virtually. They've really done it for us, for their parents and for their grandparents. I think we owe it to them to support them now.
There is a robust body of academic research suggesting that if you graduate into a recession, your lifetime prospects on everything from income to likelihood of having children to likelihood of marriage to even your health can be stunted. This budget really believes in supporting young Canadians. It does that through the measures to support students that you listed and through aggressive action to create work experience and job opportunities. About 500,000 work experience and job opportunities will be created in this budget.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
You'd like to do that to the rest of us, wouldn't you, Mr. Chair.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Chair.
I am in your hands when it comes to how we handle the voting and my presence here. It's up to you how you do that. I will follow your lead, sir.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Chair and members of the committee, for the invitation to be with you virtually today. Accompanying me virtually from the Department of Finance are Maude Lavoie, Dave Beaulne, Trevor McGowan, Lesley Taylor and Nicolas Moreau.
I'd like to begin by acknowledging that today is a sombre anniversary. It is one year since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO.
On this national day of observance, I know that all of us honour the memories of all those who have lost their lives to this disease, and we have the deepest compassion, I know, all of us in this committee, for their families and their loved ones.
To the extraordinary Canadians who have been serving on the front lines in our country's fight against COVID-19, to personal support workers in long-term care facilities, to all of our health care workers and to the essential workers keeping food on our shelves, from cashiers to truck drivers, let me just say thank you.
I'm happy to be with you, parliamentary colleagues, to talk about Bill C-14, which would implement several important and necessary measures from the fall economic statement, which I tabled last November 30.
For over a year now, Canadians have been coping with an unprecedented crisis that is still in progress. But spring is coming and there will be better days ahead.
Until we've got COVID-19 under control, our government will do everything it can for as long as it's needed to help Canadians get through the crisis. From the beginning of the pandemic, the Government of Canada has done everything in its power to get the virus under control and limit its economic impacts. So far, $8 out of every $10 spent in Canada to combat COVID-19 and help Canadians came from the federal government.
In the 2020 fall economic statement, we set out a detailed plan to protect Canadians, jobs and companies in Canada during the pandemic's second wave. We took rapid action to meet these commitments.
By supporting Canadian businesses, jobs and families, not only were we helping our communities get through a difficult winter, but also preventing economic after-effects. This support will allow for a full and robust economic recovery once the virus is totally under control.
Bill C-14 is an important component of our government's economic plan. It makes it possible to move forward with the emergency measures outlined in the economic statement designed to provide immediate assistance to families with young children, students and businesses, in addition to measures to protect the health and safety of Canadians.
When we debate Bill C-14, here is what is concretely hanging in the balance.
The fall economic statement announced a new $1 billion safe long-term care fund to help provinces and territories protect seniors. Of this, Bill C-14 would provide $505.7 million immediately, while our need is most urgent, to support long-term care facilities over the coming months to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to help prevent outbreaks and deaths in supportive care facilities.
In addition, we have proposed, through this bill, to provide up to $395.6 million to support a range of health initiatives to help Canadians cope during the pandemic and to continue our fight against the virus with vaccine funding and development, testing and treatment.
The challenges brought on by this pandemic have caused great hardship for Canadian families with young children and brought unanticipated costs. Bill C-14 proposes to provide immediate relief for low- and middle-income families with young children who are entitled to the Canada child benefit by providing up to $1,200 in 2021 for each child under the age of six. Families that have a net income at or below $120,000 would receive four tax-free payments of $300. Families entitled to the CCB who have a net income above $120,000 would receive four tax-free payments of $150, for a total benefit of $600.
This temporary assistance would directly benefit more than 1.5 million families and more than two million children at a time when many are still grappling with the financial impacts of the pandemic.
If I can speak personally for one moment, I am hearing so clearly from my neighbours and constituents who have young children just how hard COVID is for them. I know we would all love to give them this extra support. As you all know, we can't get it to them until Bill C-14 receives royal assent.
Our government is also working to protect the future of students who had to leave school or who were unable to obtain summer internships or jobs.
Through Bill C-14 we will eliminate interest on repayment of the federal portion of Canada student loans and Canada apprentice loans for 2021-2022. This important measure will provide $329.4 million to 1.4 million Canadians who are looking for work or who are in the early stages of their career.
The bill also formalizes an amendment to the Income Tax Act that will allow the Canada emergency rent subsidy to recognize rent payable as an eligible expense, provided certain conditions are met.
As members of this committee will recall, the Canada Revenue Agency is currently administering the rent subsidy with rent payable as an eligible expense. This is because the businesses relying on this subsidy told us that it was what they needed, and all of us listened. Not all small businesses have the cash flow to pay their rent on the first of the month with the reimbursement to come later. This bill ensures that those small businesses can get the support they need. Again, I'm sure we've all heard from small businesses in our ridings who really need that support.
Additionally, Bill C-14 authorizes payments to Canada's six regional development agencies for the regional relief and recovery fund. The government announced the $962-million fund on April 17, and then expanded it to $1.5 billion on October 2. As a next step, Bill C-14 proposes a further top-up, to $2 billion, for this fund. It helps support businesses that for one reason or another are unable to access other federal pandemic support programs.
The point I'm making here is really simple: The measures in Bill C-14 are essential. Canadian families and Canadian businesses need this support to get through the crisis.
Colleagues, today let's set aside partisan sparring and work together to support the people all of us serve. I welcome vigorous debate, care and study. Indeed, debate has been central to Canada's response to COVID-19 so far. Our government has received constructive input from all parties, very much including all the members of this committee. I recognize the critical role parliamentary committees play in scrutinizing government legislation. I understand that the opposition's formal role is to oppose, and that delay forms part of the opposition tool kit in the Westminster parliamentary system. I get that. When I was first elected, I sat in the opposition benches. I asked questions in committee of the member for Abbotsford, who now sits in this committee with us all, when he served as trade minister.
That said, it is now time for us to move forward. Canadians need the concrete support this bill offers, and they need it urgently. At second reading, some of our colleagues on the opposition benches set partisan politics aside to do what is best for Canadians and supported the bill. I was frankly surprised that the Conservatives chose to do the opposite. I was surprised they did that even as they put forward an opposition day motion urging the government to support small business.
I say to my Conservative colleagues, on this committee and in the House, that—
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Lib. (ON)
Did you want me to wrap up?
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I sure am.
I spoke to the substance of the bill, the measures that are really important, personally important for me and for all of us, but it is really relevant to talk about how long it's taking to get this support to Canadians.
The purpose of Bill C-14 is to provide assistance to Canadians who need it during a difficult and unprecedented period. It should not be used for political advantage.
I urge this committee to conduct its examinations expeditiously and to join me in supporting the speedy passage of this essential legislation.
Thank you.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
As I said in the House today, Mr. Fast, we have conducted extensive pre-budget consultations and had great input from Canadians. We will be tabling a budget in due course.
I would also point out that the fall economic statement included extensive financial information and projections.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Mr. Fast, I believe our country has been supported by a very strong plan throughout this unprecedented pandemic. Our government has said we will do whatever it takes to support Canadians and Canadian businesses, and we have done that. Thanks to the resilience and entrepreneurial spirit of Canadians, we are seeing the results.
In the fourth quarter of this year the Canadian economy grew by nearly 10%. That is better than what we saw from the U.S., the U.K., Germany, France and Italy. Our economic measures are working, and we're going to continue the course.
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Lib. (ON)
Yes. I am happy to commit to that.
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Lib. (ON)
As I understand the rules, Mr. Fast, my answer can be the same length as your question.
Is that correct?
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Lib. (ON)
Let me just say a quick point on the jobs numbers, because I think those are something that all of us are deeply concerned about. I sure am. Let me say that today 636,000 Canadians who had a job before COVID struck don't have a job.
I think the most urgent priority of our government and this entire House needs to be to provide the economic support to get them back to work.
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Lib. (ON)
I'm delighted to answer that question, Mr. Fast. Yes, the limit that we are seeking with Bill C-14 is $1.831 trillion.
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Lib. (ON)
As you know very well, Mr. Fast, having served in cabinet, a borrowing authority increase is not the same as spending authority. What it does is set a ceiling for how much the government can spend.
In terms of the composition of that number and how we got there, I would like to turn the attention of all committee members to page 141 and chart A2.3 in the fall economic statement. I can hold it up to show you guys the page. That has a very specific breakdown of how we got to that number.
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Lib. (ON)
Mr. Fast, I know that Canadians are really smart and really sophisticated and I urge everyone who's listening to this to look at page 141, chart A2.3, where how that borrowing authority amount is composed is laid out very specifically.
I want to address something very precise here. The increase in the borrowing authority is in no way a blank cheque. Every single expenditure by the government needs to be authorized by Parliament. The borrowing authority sets a transparent and accountable maximum limit as to how much the government can borrow.
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Lib. (ON)
Let me just say to Mr. Fast that I have far too much respect for him, and I really do have a lot of respect for him, to think that he really believes the borrowing authority is in any way equivalent to a blank cheque or a line of credit.
What the borrowing authority limit does is it sets a limit on the maximum amount a government may borrow. There is a quite separate process, which this committee is intimately involved with, for debating and authorizing the specific spending that the government undertakes, and I look forward to having that discussion with all of you.
Again, for interested Canadians and committee members, look at chart A2.3 for the composition of how we got to that $1.8 trillion number for the borrowing authority limit.
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Lib. (ON)
Mr. Fragiskatos, thank you very much for that question. I agree with you. It is a very important one and it is one that is very much on the minds of all Canadians.
You have referred to PPE. That's an important element. Clearly, vaccines are another very important element.
Let me speak to a third issue, which I think has become very clear to Canadians in the course of this pandemic, and that is biomanufacturing capacity here in Canada. We have fantastic researchers. We have fantastic life scientists in our amazing country. What we don't have enough of is the ability to actually manufacture the vaccines that they play a central role in developing. I'm thinking of Acuitas as an example, an amazing B.C. company that plays a key role in the development and the production of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
One of the things that our government is working on, in close collaboration with provinces and territories across the country, is stepping up our game and investing in biomanufacturing across the country, whether it is VIDO-InterVac in Saskatchewan, whether it is Medicago or whether it is the NRC. I think that's an effort that all of us will agree is important and that we need to continue down that path.
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Lib. (ON)
Thank you very much, Ms. Dzerowicz. It's great to see you.
That is such an important question, and in my opening remarks I spoke about the additional support that Bill C-14 would give to families with young children. I added a personal plea—not in my written remarks—because I have to say, my youngest child is now 11 and it is challenging having children, even in elementary school, in a pandemic. Virtual school is hard for kids, but my heart just goes out to all the young families in Canada with a child under six. It is so hard. I have had people, constituents, neighbours, just crying when they talk about how difficult it is.
As you know, one terrible consequence we've seen is women quitting their jobs, dropping out of the labour force because they just can't keep it all going. Bill C-14 will give those families with the youngest children in our country a bit of extra help. As we said in the fall economic statement, we really believe now is the moment for us as a country, after 50 years of talking about it, to finally put our shoulder to the wheel and to build universal early learning and child care across Canada.
Here, I do think all of us have to offer a chapeau, figuratively, to our colleagues from Quebec who have shown the way. They have shown that affordable, high-quality universal child care has a huge economic impact. Quebec has a much higher participation of women in the labour force than the rest of Canada, about 4% higher. There is a great economic benefit, not to mention that it makes life so much easier for families with young children.
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Lib. (ON)
Thank you for your question and for your hard work on all the economic issues. I truly appreciate it.
I don't want to announce the date of the budget today, but I can assure you here in committee that there will be a budget this spring. I agree with the members of this committee that it's important for our country. I spoke with you about your ideas on the budget, and would like to tell the members and financial spokespersons for each party that I'm very open to hearing what they have to suggest in connection with the budget. I believe that the budget needs to be for the whole country, because the pandemic has been affecting the entire country.
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Lib. (ON)
Thank you for your question, Mr. Ste-Marie.
With respect to support for families, individuals and businesses, the federal government has been there for Quebecers and all Canadians. We were happy for Canada to be in a financial position that made it possible to do so.
I would also like to point out that in the summer, we gave an additional $19 billion directly to the provinces and territories under the Safe Restart Agreement and an additional $2 billion for reopening schools. The safe restart funding was in large measure for health spending by the provinces and territories to combat COVID-19.
As I mentioned in my opening address, Bill C-14 will provide more funding to the provinces. There will also be measures to help support residential and long-term care centres, or CHSLDs, because we understand just how important they are.
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Lib. (ON)
Last Friday, I had a discussion with the provincial and territorial ministers of finance, including Mr. Girard, Quebec's minister of finance. I was very happy, moreover, to be able to thank him publicly for his sincere and frank collaboration. He's an excellent colleague. We discussed what else the federal government might be able to do to help the provinces and territories, particularly with respect to combatting COVID-19. I told the ministers of finance…
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I didn't know that either, Wayne. I'm a little scared. My technical capacity might be stretched by that kind of effort.
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Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Julian, for raising all of those important issues.
I'll start with the wage subsidy. If I have time, I'll say a couple of things about long-term care.
On the wage subsidy, I hear your concerns. It is important for companies to understand that, legally, the wage subsidy can only be used to pay employees. It can't be used for any other purposes. Any allegations of misuse should be reported to the CRA. There are penalties for misuse of the wage subsidy. It is an additional 25% penalty and potentially imprisonment, in cases of fraud.
It was and is important for us to have that support out there, but we do take abuses seriously.
The other thing I would say about the wage subsidy is that my priority, at the end of the day, is to keep as many Canadians working as possible. Our supports—and I would say the ingenuity and resilience of Canadians—mean that we are getting through this unprecedented global pandemic.
However, at the end of the day, there are still 636,000 Canadians who don't have a job today who had one before the virus hit. For that reason, our objective has been and continues to be to have in place the most comprehensive set of supports we can to keep people working. The wage subsidy is a really important program in that regard because it keeps people connected to their jobs.
As you know very well, Mr. Julian, that is so important for a person's sense of self-worth and dignity. Also, if one becomes long-term unemployed, it is much harder to get back into the workforce. That's the rationale there.
I could say more about long-term care, but I see you wanting to talk and maybe I've run out of time.
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Lib. (ON)
Mr. Julian, I'm really glad you raised students. In my opening remarks, I singled out the importance of Bill C-14 in allowing us to provide more support for students. It is really important to me, and you're right to raise the issue.
What I would say, collectively, is that we need to understand that the three groups that have been hardest hit by losing their jobs are youth, women and low-wage workers—particularly racialized and new Canadians. We need to be sure that our support is targeted there.
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Lib. (ON)
No, Mr. Fast, I'm afraid I would not.
Let me just say a couple of things. Canadians can see this chart because it was published in the fall economic statement. It's available to anyone who would like to go online and look at the fall economic statement. For wonkish people who are watching our deliberations, let me point you to page 141 and chart A2.3.
What this chart shows is how we got to the number of $1.831 trillion for the borrowing authority we are seeking. It shows the composition of it, and I think that was important to show and people should refer to it. I can go through the chart, if people would like.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Mr. Fast, there's a lot in there. Let me parse it and respond to the various points you've raised in the time allotted.
To your first point, that the borrowing authority is quite different from a budget, you are 100% right, Mr. Fast. That's a really important distinction. In seeking an increase of the borrowing authority, we are being extremely transparent. We are saying that this is the upper limit up to which the government may borrow.
We are not saying that the government will undertake those borrowings, nor are we saying anything about government spending. That's entirely separate. That happens through the fall economic statement. It happens through Bill C-14, which we're debating today, and it will happen through the budget. That's entirely right.
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Lib. (ON)
Mr. Fast, you've answered your own question with your previous question. It's very important to make a clear distinction, as you did in your first question, between the borrowing authority and actual spending authorities. We are very clear on that distinction. Canadians should be clear on it too.
The only other thing I would say is that, when it comes to spending authorities, our government has been clear that we believe, during COVID, it is important to do whatever it takes to support Canadians and Canadian businesses. We're open and transparent about that. I hope that all members of this committee will agree with that. Canadians need us to be there for them. That's why they made Bill C-14.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I have a very quick response, Mr. Chair, which is simply to say, with really great respect for Mr. Fast, that the characterization of the borrowing authority limit as a blank cheque is simply false. This is a transparent and open authorization of a level up to which the government may borrow. Spending authorizations are separate.
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Lib. (ON)
Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Thank you, Mr. McLeod—Michael, as I call you in less formal settings. It's great to see you.
You prefaced your remarks by explaining to us a little bit about how things are going in the Northwest Territories and how people have handled COVID. You suggested a collective pat on the back, and let me just say, speaking from the south, to you, Mr. McLeod, and to all the people of the Northwest Territories, I think all of us in the south should be patting all of you on the back.
The way that the Northwest Territories has handled this global pandemic is really admirable and a real example for the rest of the country. The approach you took required a lot of sacrifice from individual people in the Northwest Territories. It required an acceptance of some real restrictions on travel outside of the territories, and you guys are quite rightly reaping the benefits of that disciplined approach. I collectively pat you all on the back. Bravo.
You're also quite right—
An hon. member: But—
Hon. Chrystia Freeland: Did you want to respond, Mr. McLeod?
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Lib. (ON)
Okay.
Mr. McLeod, I was also going to say that you're quite right. We have been working closely with the governments of the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut, and have increased their borrowing authorities at the territorial level. They have put in important measures to fight COVID, and we've supported them in that.
Part of Bill C-14, as we have been discussing, is an increase in the federal government's borrowing authority. We legislated our government that every three years we would publicly and transparently review our borrowing limit. That three-year timeline is up, and that's why we have now come to Parliament and this committee to say that we need to increase the borrowing authority limit so that the government has the space to continue fighting COVID.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
That's another great question.
Bill C-14 includes an additional $206.7 million for the RDAs precisely to meet that need.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
That's an excellent question, Mr. Ste-Marie.
I have spoken directly with Mr. Summers and Ms. Yellen, who have been participating in the debate.
My view is that the debate needs to address another question as well. It's not only a matter of government spending, but also a question of what is covered by this spending. As an economist, you know very well that an expenditure that is an investment in the country's economic capacity is very different from an expenditure that does not constitute such an investment.
As for the level of spending for Canada, I must say that one of the first questions we look at is whether it will add to the country's capacity for economic growth, and if so, whether it will create jobs.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
I'm going to offer two responses.
When it comes to our thinking about the budget, our overarching priority is jobs and growth. More than 600,000 Canadians who had a job before the pandemic don't have one today. That's a tragedy for each person and for their families. I wake up in the morning and I think about how we can get those jobs back. The answer in my view is economic growth.
When it comes to taxation, I would disagree with you in characterizing the measures announced in the fall economic statement as being not weighty. We will levy a tax on the international digital giants, and there is real momentum at the OECD to get this done. The Biden administration has created an opportunity to get this done at the multilateral level. That is huge. That is transformative for the international tax framework, and our government is very involved in this.
Finally, because I see our chair moving around in his seat a little, when it comes to overseas tax havens and tax avoidance, I very much agree with you. At a time when so many Canadians have suffered, we have to have zero tolerance for tax avoidance and tax evasion, and our government is committed to that and to strengthening those rules.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
If what you're getting at, Mr. Kelly, is the question of newly formed businesses not being able to get access to all government programs, you're quite right that they're not.
There has been a real effort to strike a balance between having integrity of programs by not creating incentives for people to create vehicles to receive government support, and supporting businesses. This is substantive. I believe we need to support newly created businesses, not only with HASCAP but with the rent subsidy, with wage support, and I would like you guys to help me do that.
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Lib. (ON)
Ms. Jansen, I'm very glad to have you mention the creation of our task force on women in the economy. We are going to have our first meeting this week. I am really looking forward to it.
I'm glad to hear you talk about the she-cession. Women are one of the groups that have been the hardest hit by this COVID recession, and we're committed to supporting them.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
There are a bunch of questions jammed in together there.
Let me just say that, absolutely, I have been holding many meetings and conversations with women entrepreneurs and with women economists. Our government is putting support for women at the centre of our economic policy and our fight against COVID.
When it comes to the border and travel, our priority is and needs to be protecting the health and safety of Canadians. That is what we are doing right now. If other parties disagree with that, then I think it's important for other parties to be open with Canadians that this is their position.
View Chrystia Freeland Profile
Lib. (ON)
Canada's border policy is guided by science, and Canadian borders will be reopened when it is safe for them to be fully reopened. That's the reality.
I also want to say, when it comes to the border, particularly with the Canada-U.S. border, a real success, and this speaks to Canada and the U.S. working together—
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Lib. (ON)
A very important success that we should all note has been to limit non-essential travel but to allow trade to continue.
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